Dynamics

Here are some basic dynamic markings that we should be familiar with:

pls click on the links for the pictures because i dont want to waste time uploading pictures. haha.


pp - pianissimo - very soft
p - piano - soft
mp - mezzo piano - moderately soft
mf - mezzo forte - moderately loud
f - forte - loud
ff - fortissimo - very loud

cresc. - crescendo - get gradually louder
dim. - diminuendo OR decresc. - decrescendo - get gradually softer

poco a poco - little by little
rit. / ritard/ ritardando - get gradually slower
accel./ accelerando - get gradually faster
a tempo - Tempo I - revert to tempo at the start
accent - accent =.=
pause - hold note for value longer than stated
simile - play in the same way

legato - smoothly
staccato (dot on top or below note)- short and detached
dash above or below note - stress/ hold note longer

cantabile - in a singing style
allegro - quick and lively
andante - at a walking pace
moderato - moderately


fine (pronounced fee-neh) - end
da capo/ D. C. - play from start until Fine
da segno/ D. S. - play from this sign until Fine
D. S. al coda - play from the above sign until this coda symbol then jump to coda also indicated by this


yup, thats all.